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Hilary Koprowski (5 December 191611 April 2013) was a Polish and American virologist and immunologist, and the inventor of the world's first effective live polio vaccine. He authored or co-authored over 875 scientific papers and co-edited several scientific journals. Koprowski received many academic honors and national decorations, including the Belgian Order of the Lion, the French Order of Merit and Legion of Honour, Finland's Order of the Lion, and Poland's Order of Merit. Koprowski was the target of accusations in the press in the "OPV AIDS hypothesis", an allegation long refuted by evidence proving the HIV-1 virus was introduced to humans long before his polio-vaccine trials were conducted in Africa.〔 The case was settled out of court with the formal apology from the Rolling Stone. ==Life== Hilary Koprowski was born in Warsaw to an educated Jewish family.〔(Profile ), Whatisbiotechnology.org; accessed 21 April 2015.〕〔(Dr Hilary Koprowski: Virologist who developed the first oral vaccine against polio ), independent.co.uk; accessed 21 April 2015.〕 His parents met in 1906 when Paweł Koprowski (1882-1957) was serving in the Russian Army, and moved to Warsaw soon after their marriage in 1912.〔The Pawel Koprowski Memorial Vacation Award was founded by Hilary Koprowski in 1958 in honor of his father.〕 His mother Sonia (née Berland; 1883-1967), was a dentist from Berdichev.〔(The Koprowski and Berland Genealogy ), ancestry.com; accessed 21 April 2015.〕〔(Mémoires of Judith Yazvina (2004) )〕 Hilary Koprowski attended Warsaw's Mikołaj Rej Secondary School, and from age twelve he took piano lessons at the Warsaw Conservatory. He received a medical degree from Warsaw University in 1939. He also received music degrees from the Warsaw Conservatory and, in 1940, from the Santa Cecilia Conservatory in Rome. He adopted scientific research as his life's work, but never gave up music and composed several musical works. In July 1938, while in medical school, Koprowski married Irena Grasberg.〔(Biography ), U.S. National Library of Medicine website; accessed 21 April 2015.〕 In 1939, after Germany's invasion of Poland, Koprowski and his wife, likewise a physician, fled the country, using Koprowski family business connections in Manchester, England. Hilary went to Rome, where he spent a year studying piano at the Santa Cecilia Conservatory; while Irena went to France, where she gave birth to their first child, Claude Koprowski, and worked as an attending physician at a psychiatric hospital. As the invasion of France loomed in 1940, Irena and the infant escaped from France via Spain and Portugal —where the Koprowski family reunited — to Brazil, where Koprowski worked in Rio de Janeiro for the Rockefeller Foundation. His field of research for several years was finding a live-virus vaccine against yellow fever. After World War II the Koprowskis settled in Pearl River, New York, where Hilary was hired as a researcher for Lederle Laboratories, the pharmaceutical division of American Cyanamid. Here he began his polio experiments, which ultimately led to the creation of the first oral polio vaccine. Koprowski served as director of the Wistar Institute, 1957–91, during which period Wistar achieved international recognition for its vaccine research and became a National Cancer Institute Cancer Center. Koprowski died on April 11, 2013, aged 96, in Wynnewood, near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, of pneumonia.〔(Hilary Koprowski, polio vaccine pioneer, dead at 96 ), philly.com, April 13, 2013.〕 Hilary Koprowski and his late wife are survived by two sons, Claude (born in Paris, 1940) and Christopher (born 1951). Claude Koprowski is a retired physician. Christopher Koprowski is a physician certified in two specialties, neurology and radio-oncology; he is chair of the department of radiation oncology at Christiana Hospital in Delaware.〔http://www.christianacare.org/body.cfm?id=961〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hilary Koprowski」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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